Loom foe



CHARLESl A. MAXFIELD, OF TROY, NEW YORK.

LOOM FOR WEAVING PlLED FABRICS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,656, dated January 13, 1852.

` i To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. MAX- FIELD, `of the city of Troy, in the county `of Rensselaer and State of `New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements on the Loom for Veaving Pile and Cut-Velvet Fabrics; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and eXact description ofthe construction and operation thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, constituting part of this specification.

The nature of my invention and improvet ment consists in the arrangementand employment, on either side of the loom, between the breast beam and the lay, of two vibrating wings,` each mounted upon the ends of the lay rock shaft, and moving independent thereof, and of each other, upon whichthe pile or figuring wires are supported, and operated by means of peculiar curved levers having their fulcra in the base Aof each wing, and receiving their motion Vthrough horizontal side rock shafts, whereby the insertion and withdrawal of the wires is regulated so as to allow any desired number of picks of the woof before the withdrawal of the wire, whereby any'degree of firmness is given .to the web, while the motion of each wing (for the purpose of carrying the wire from `the woven pile when withdrawn in a position to be reinserted into the openshed) being effected by arms projecting from the lay, and locking with catch plates of each wing at` the moment the wire is withdrawn, and `simultaneously with its re-insertion the wing is disengaged from the lay and retained in a proper position by means of pivoted holding levers whereby the figuring wires are l held steadily in the warp during the `vibration ofthe lay` `To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention,-I will `proceed to give a more particular description of the construction and `operation thereof.

In the annexed drawings: Figure l, is an elevation of the front of the loom,- the right pile or figuring wire having been inserted into the shed, and the breast beam and front timbers removed in order `to show the parts in the rear thereof. Fig. 2, is an elevation of the right side of the-loom. Fig. 3, is a top view of the loom. Fig. 4, is a sectional elevation of the rear of the loom. Fig. 5, is a sectional view. of the uperfportion `of one of the wings as locked to the lay. Fig. 6, is a sectional view of the tread wheel, Sac. Fig. 7, is a top view of the arm o2, and its Where the same letters of reference occur on the several figures, they indicate the same parts.

A, is the crank shaft from which the lay `B, receives its motion through the connect llng arms A2 A2, with the several parts of the loom.

C, is the breast beam of the loom.

D, is a shaft mounted in adjustable bearings a a in the sides t2 ofthe frame below `the crank shaft A and receiving its mos tion from the latter by a pinion a3 thereon matching with a cog wheel a4, on the end of the shaft D, so that the latter makes one revolution to three of thev crank sh ft A.

Z9 is a short cam shaft mounted in suitable bearings in the frame work at a proper height from the base beams of the frame to allow the treadles to play beneath the same. This shaft I) is provided with a cog wheel b2 matching with a pinion b3 on the shaft D, whereby the shaft Z) receives its motion which is one revolution to six of the. crank shaft A, for common tapestry carpeting.

`This short shaft b is situated about one third distant from the rear of the loom, and is provided at either end with a peculiar `shaped cam wheel` E, placed relatively so as to act successively during their revolu- `tion and `furnished alike with a groove 2 `withinwhich plays an anti-friction roller l mounted in the end of an arm (e), supported by a boX o r bearing on the central ,beam of the frame so as to allow its upper end to move right and left with the direction of the groove 2, whereby a similar motion` is communicated to a horizontal shaft z (supported in bearings at either side of the frame) by means of a rod g connecting the arm e, with a similar arm f on the` rock shaft h., see Fig. 4.

`the frame are mounted in studs u two horizontal rock shafts U, near the rearward ends of which are cam arms U1 so placed as to receive the action of antifriction rollers S in the ends of arms secured on the shaft D, whereby the said shafts U are made to rock alternately in such a manner as to operate the picker staves V, which are connected to the front ends of said rock shafts U by arms u1 and straps u2 for throwing the shuttle.

On either side of the cog wheel b2 on the short cam shaft Z), there is situated a tread wheel I-I, provided with the requisite number of rollers el (single or in-pairs) for depressing the treadles T, which are attached to the rear base beam and connected to the several harness frames P (which may be three or four .depending on the fabric to be woven) and which may be arranged in the usual manner and supported by the rolls Q 0f the arch.

The picker staves V are attached to the lay Vrock shaft F by suitable bearing arms fv, see Fig. 2. On either end of the lay rock shaft F, (which project beyond the sides of the loom a suitable distance) are mounted the wings carrying the pile or figuring wires w, on which the loo-ps or pile is raised. Each of these wings is constructed in the following manner. Onthe lay rock shaft F, inside of the base beam, and on either end of said shaft F, is placed a box or bearing m, moving loosely thereon, from which project arms m2. From the arms m2 are reared end plates m3 to a height equal to the breast beam C and curving somewhat after the form of an ogee, whereby the upper ends thereof are distant from each other, about double that of their lower ends; to the uper ends of which plates m3 are pivoted at I1, the bent or right-angled ends of a plate I, constituting two parallel ways I,.situated exactly at right angles to, and nearly in the same horizontal plane with the shedfof the warp. Upon these ways I there is mounted a sliding plate n, having grooves in its sides corresponding with the Ways I and proi' vided with a rearward projecting arm nl slightly elevated above the ways I and from the end of which extends the loop or pile wire w in a position to enter the shed when open. FromA the inner end of each way projects rearward an arm o through which the inner end of the pile wire passes, whereby the latter is guided and supported when being insertedor withdrawn from the warp. From these ways also extends rearward an arm 02, through the end of which the wire ing the movement of it-s carrying plate n.

This sustaining arm 02 is grooved and made to moveoverthe ways I, with the carrying plate n from the inner arm 0, over about one third the length of the ways; the movement thereof inward being eifected by the advance movement of the carrying plate n and the outward or receding movement of the carrying plate n strikes against two nuts 0S secured on the ends of two horizontal rods o, extending from thel arm o2 (beneath the ways) and passing through the lower portion of said carrying plate n, .whereby the said arm 02 is made to move over the ways with the carrier in a position to support and steady the middle of the pile wire. The pile or figuring wires are each operated alternately by means ofa peculiarly curved lever Z, mounted on a bolt Z2 y in the arm m2 of the bearing box m of the wing andpro-jecting upward between the ways I and through an opening in the car rying plate n and provided with a curved slot c at, its upper end within which plays a small anti-friction roller turning on a pin in the opening of the carrying plate n and also furnished with a slot 7c, through which passes the horizontal rod J of the upward projecting arms z' of the side rock shaft 7L, whereby the insertion and withdrawal of the iiguring wire at the propermoment is effected-the slots in the lever Z accommodating for its back and forth movement with the carrier 'n and rod J. Each of these levers Z have a movement toward the warp or web suiiioient to carry the wires entirely through the open shed. The curved end plates m3 of the wings are braced by horizontal connecting plates N N1 near the upper and lower ends therof-said plates having grooves or slots to allow the movement of the lever Z.

On the upper connecting or brace plate N and beneath the horizontal ways I, restsy a narrow spring plate r pivoted to each curved end plate m3 by arms g, whereby it is allowed to rise and fall; and. is provided at either end with a spring X so curved as to act against the inward projecting pivots I1L of the horizontal ways I and thereby retain said spring plate a in its proper position whether locked or unlocked to the vibrating lay. From the rearward edge of the spring plate projects two 4right angled .catch plates r2, which are made to interweb or cloth, by the motion of the lay,

ready for thexfirst pick-and remains in t-he web, until theT desired number of picks are thrown.

The upper surface of the ends of the pro-4 jecting arms o1 ofthe lay Bare made con` veX `so as to pass beneath and elevate the catches r2 of the spring plater. In order that the pile o1 figuring wires 'wu shall move in a horizontal planeduring the vibration of the wings, thereprojects from the inner end of the ways I a horizontal roda through an opening in thebreast beam, whereby the said ways over which the pile wires move are always kept horizontal, or inthe samel plane with the open shed, by reason of being pivoted atIl. Simultaneously with the insertionofthe lwire, a `pin s2 projecting from the curved lever Z is made to act `against lan `inclined plate `t, whereby the latter withthe spring plate r is elevated and held in that position until the withdrawal of the .wireg-and the catch plates r2 disengaged from the arms 'v1 of the lay B,`which1then recedes and vibrates as before, and the wing its position in the manner following.

On either side of the `frame ofthe loom and in front of the wings is mounted upon aprojecting pin e a locking lever Z2,

the upperend of `whichbeing provided with j projects (at intervals above the spring plate loops are being formed.

c?) by means of a short inclined plate c4 projecting inward from the outer `arm` z' of the side` rock shaft-tf-thus `when the wing is' locked to, andmovingwith the lay B the lever Z2 will pass freely over the spring plate c2 and when the wire shall have been inserted by the inward `movement of the curved lever Z, the plate c* of the arm z' will pass beneath the end of the pivoted arm 5 and elevate the stop `pin (-3 above the spring plate c2 against which the end of the lever Z2 strikes, `and the spring plate c2 `being also slightly `elevated is made to bind againstthe end of said lever Z2 (there being aslight cavity in said spring plate c2 toreceive the end ofthe lever as `seen in Fig. 2) whereby the lwing with its figuring wire is prevented from moving while the Should it be desired toopen the lower or proper shed for the passage `of the shuttle, simultaneously with the opening of the worsted warpfor the `insertion of the loo-p or pile wire, the

gearing of the' shafts A and D `must be changed so as toregulate the action o-f the heddles accordingly.

It will `lbe `understood that this loom may be adapted to the weaving of velvet or other retained steadily in cut `pile carpeting, in which case an additional pick or throw of the shut-tle will be required; and in addition thereto each wire must be provided with a knife. This change is effected in the following manner. The pinion a3 on thecrank shaft A and the dog wheel a* on the shaft D are removed and a pair of gear .wheels placed in their stead `whose relative size is as two to one, the `larger wheel being placed on the shaft D. The cog wheel b3 on the shaft D must also be removedand a wheel one fourth the size of the wheel b2 placed in its stead and made to matchwith the said wheel 2,'-the shaft D being mounted in adjustable bearings can easily be accommodated to this change. The cam wheels E E nnist also be removed `from the shaft b and a pairof cam wheels placed in their stead a section whose grooves are made with a sharper angle whereby the anti-friction roller (Z is deflected from a right line in order to insert and withdraw the wire at `thesame speed as before described, notwithstanding the `speed of the `shaft is decreased while the speed of the `crank shaft A is the same.

`Instead of the `rollers S on shaft D, I fsecure on the said shaft near each end thereof two parallel projecting arms in the ends saI `whereof are rollers diametrically opposite each other. In the ends of the shaft b l (which mustbe longer than the one represented in the drawings) I secure two cam wheels of the same diameter as the camr wheels E, and provided on. their periphery `with prongs arranged relatively so as to produce the required action. The object of `which is to operate the horizontal shaft U `at eitherside of the loom by means of a hori- `zontal lever about 20 inches long mounted in a `box or stud about one third the distance from the end thereof which box or stud is bolted to one of the center base beams.` The short end of said lever contains a small roller which is situated directly over the prong cam wheel to receive the action thereof. The long arm of the lever extends to the arm u and is connected thereto by a strap. The object of this arrangement is to operate the cam arm U1 on the shaft U by tion of the prong cam. This motion being required in order to throw the shuttle twice from one side of the loom, and only once from the opposite side and then allow the shuttle to rest-when the shuttle will be yto each wire which is required to weave the best velvet.

Operation of the loom in weaving tapestry carpeting-Motion being given to the crank shaft A, puts in motion the pinion Z3 which matches into a gear wheel a4 on shaft D, and by the pinion 53 and gear wheel b2 turns the short cam shaft b and with it the tread wheels H, the single rollers e1 whereof dep-ressing the left, and one of the middle treadles T, which are connected with the front and back leafs of the harness, thereby bringing the front and back leaf down, the front leaf depressing the coarse chain, and worsted, and the back leaf half of the fine chain, and simultaneously therewith the middle leaf is carried up containing half the fine chain (operated by straps connecting the arch rolls Q). Simultaneously with this movement the lay beats up the left wire w against the woven pile, and the shuttle is thrown from the left to the right side of the loom, the anti-friction roller Z having traversed the straight portion of the groove 2 of the cam wheel E, which forms about two thirds the circumference of said cam wheel; and this completes the first revolution of the crank shaft A. .v

During the seco-nd revolution of the crank shaft, the anti-friction roller CZ will have been diverted in the groove 2 of the yright cam wheel E, at an angle of 55 degrees from the direct line of the groove, whereby the side rock shaft z, is operated and the figuring wire w withdrawn from .the woven fabric with the outward motion of the right lever Z,' the right treadle T, and the middle one on the left is depressed by the action of the rollers el which carries up the back and front leaves of the harness, the former raises half of the fine chain, and the latter raises the coarse chain (the worsted being raised by the aid of a roller back of the harness) the middle leaf of the harness is carried down cam wheel E.

During the third revolution (the shuttle remaining in the left box) the lay comes forward to the web, and locks itself by the yarms o1 @l to the catch plates r2 of the spring plate r, whereby the wing is carried rearward with the lay,-the roller aZ in traversing the reverse section of the diverging part of the groove in the cam wheel E, will cause the arms z' z' of the rock shaft it to move in-v ward and simultaneously therewith the right wire will enter the open shed, andthe pin s2 of the curved lever Z will have elevated the spring plate r, and thus unlock its catches r2 from the arms 'v1 of the lay B, and allow the wing to remain steadily in thatv position, by means of the holding levers Z2.V

one revolution o f either cam wheel E, producing in its turn the same results.

HavingA thus described my invention and improvement in the loom for weaving pile fabrics. I wish it to be understood that it is not my intention to claim the use of the figuring or pile wires upon which the loops or pile is raised. But

What I do claim to have invented and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. The employment on each side of the loom of a wing constructed substantially as described; when mounted upon either end of the lay rock shaft F moving independentthereof, and of each other, and vibrating alternately with each other, in the arc of a circle scribed from the said rock shaft F, and upon which are mounted the ways I, of the pile or figuring wires; whereby the said wires are carried rearward to be re-inserted into the open. shed and thence forward to the last pick of the woof or weft as de# scribed.

2. I also claim causing the wings to recede to carry the wires to the open shed, and then advance frontward with the wires to the woven pile alternately by the action of the lay itself, each wing being locked to the lay B at the proper moment and disengaged therefrom on the insertion of the wire by the action of the curved lever Z as described.

3. I likewise claim pivoting the ways I of each wing and furnishing theinner ends thereof with arms s projecting into openings in the breast beam C, whereby the ways with the figuring wires are made to maintain a horizontal position, during the vibration of the wings in the arc of a circleas described. v

4. I also claim providing each wing with a holding lever Z2 pivoted to the frame and vibrating with the motion of the wing and locked by means of a spring plate c2 and pivoted arm 5 actuated by the advance motion of the double arms z' z' of the rock shaft 7L When the Wire is at rest in the Warp, whereby the Wing is retained steadily in its position until the Withdrawal of the figuring Wire.

5. I also claim combining the intermediate sliding arm ohorizontal rods 04 With the carrier n and Wire fw, whereby the middle of the latter is sustained and prevented from trembling While being inserted and With- 10 drawn from the Web as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name before tWo subscribing Witnesses.

CHARLES A. MAXFIELD. Witnesses:

JOB. S. OLIN, HUGH BRADY. 

